Individuals with MCI on the MMKD exhibited lower levels of GABA-producing microbes and GABA, and higher levels of GABA-regulating microbes, suggesting a positive modulation of gut microbiome and metabolome.
The VLCD resulted in a decrease in body weight from approximately 73kg to 67.5kg, demonstrating effective weight loss compared to the HCD.
Ketogenic feeding was feasible, safe, well tolerated, and resulted in ketosis, with patients requiring less exogenous insulin (0.0 IU vs. 78 IU).
The study found that higher blood levels of β-hydroxybutyrate at baseline correlated with better clinical outcomes. There was a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and CXCL13 after 1 and 2 weeks of the ketogenic diet. Additionally, alterations in lipid species were observed that may predict treatment response.
The combination of resistance training and a ketogenic diet helps maintain lean mass and physical performance during weight loss, despite some reduction in fat-free mass.
Improved maternal glucose tolerance by gestational week 28 and enhanced cardiometabolic outcomes for both mothers and newborns.
Participants using the FMD showed a significant reduction in the need for glucose-lowering medication, with 53% experiencing improved glycaemic management compared to only 8% in the control group. HbA1c levels also improved significantly in the FMD group.
Participants showed improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hedonic responses to sweet food stimuli after weight loss, indicating a successful intervention for managing obesity in older adults.
The study aims to identify significant individual treatment effects (ITE) of diet on glycemic response, which could lead to personalized dietary interventions for better glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Participants experienced an average of 8.9 months attenuation in predicted brain age for every 1% body weight loss. Improvements were noted in liver biomarkers, liver fat, and reductions in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues.
Significant reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, glucose, inflammatory, and lipid parameters were observed, with improvements doubling from 3 to 6 months.
The study found that the glucose response to low-dose glucagon was significantly reduced after 12 weeks of a low carbohydrate diet compared to a high carbohydrate diet, indicating a diminished effectiveness of glucagon in raising blood glucose levels post-LCD.
Participants in the experimental group lost an average of 2.62 kg over six weeks, with improvements in physical and mental well-being, while the control group showed negligible weight loss.
Clinically significant weight loss and reduction in HbA1c levels were observed, with sustained weight loss being key to achieving T2D remission.
The personalized diet led to a significant decrease in HbA1c levels (from 8.30 ± 1.12 to 6.67 ± 0.89, p<0.001) and a reduction in systolic blood pressure in a subset of participants. Additionally, CRP levels dropped by 19.5%, indicating reduced inflammation. Overall, the intervention showed a positive impact on gut microbiota and correlated clinical parameters.
The use of AOMs can lead to significant weight loss compared to placebo groups, although the degree of lifestyle change may be reduced following medication initiation.
The study found that food insecurity was prevalent among individuals with CeD and NCGS, negatively impacting their diet quality and adherence to a gluten-free diet. However, it also provided insights into the barriers faced and strategies employed to manage costs.
The ketogenic diet led to reduced self-reported wanting for alcohol and lower expression of the neurobiological craving signature in response to alcohol cues during treatment.
The study found that the number of hypomorphic hCAZyme genes positively correlated with treatment response rates in the dietary arm. In patients with IBS-D, those carrying hCAZyme variants were six times more likely to respond positively to the FODMAP-lowering diet compared to non-carriers.
The study found that women using diet plus metformin had significantly higher mean glucose levels and greater variability in glucose levels compared to those using diet alone. Additionally, higher protein intake was associated with lower mean glucose levels and total area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, suggesting dietary protein may help manage dysglycemia.
Interventions led to a significant reduction in age- and sex-standardized BMI (zBMI), with the most effective strategies being those that targeted physical activity and involved individualized delivery.
Caloric restriction was found to be the most effective for weight loss and waist circumference reduction. Low-carbohydrate diets were effective for reducing body mass index and increasing high-density lipoprotein levels, while low-glycemic-index diets improved total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels.
The study found no significant differences in glycemic control between the varying carbohydrate levels, indicating that modest changes in carbohydrate intake do not influence glucose concentrations in T2D patients.
Short-term outcomes include decreased waist circumference and plasma glucose levels, increased knowledge, and improved diet and physical activity. Long-term outcomes include weight loss, reduced risk of developing diabetes, improved lipid profiles, enhanced pancreatic function, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body fat mass and HbA1C levels.
Participants showed decreased brain activation in reward-related areas (ventral tegmental area and right orbitofrontal cortex) towards high-caloric food stimuli after the prebiotic intervention, indicating altered food decision-making.
Participants expressed high demand for the program, with motivations including gaining control over their lives, reducing medication, and losing weight. Stakeholders found the program valuable despite implementation challenges.